Rubber plantation has a great opportunity for employment generation among the rural population especially women. It is known that more than 4 lakh women work for rubber plantations around the country and it has great potential for restoring the ecology.
There are many by-products of rubber, which, when traded directly contribute to the economy and also improve the socioeconomic status of the farmers. The latex obtained from the rubber tree has rubber particles dissolved in aqueous serum.
The contents present in the latex of the rubber plant has four main fractions of:. There have been more than genera and species out of which 9 varieties are known. All these contain latex in their bark. Some species important for breeding and are mentioned here:. Hevea benthamiana — grows in low alluvial soil ; produces white latex; has low yield. Hevea guianensis — grows to a height of 30 m; needs well-drained soil; has yellowish latex and the quality is inferior.
Hevea microphylla — plant height is 20 m; grows in low-lying area; latex is watery and has low rubber percentage. Hevea nitida — tree is medium sized; grows on sandy soils ; latex is white. Hevea pauciflora — medium sized plants; grow on rocky hillsides; latex has low rubber count and high resin content. Hevea rigidifolia — plant grows to a height 20 m; grows on well-drained soil; has cream coloured latex with poor rubber quality and high resin content. Hevea spruceana — found in Amazon basin; grows well on low and flooded river areas; has watery latex with low rubber content.
Read: Groundnut Farming Project Report. The rainfall in the area for rubber plantation should be around mm annually. Rubber trees require bright sunlight for about hours 6 hours a day.
There is no specific dry or wet season requirement for growing these trees. The soil for rubber cultivation has to be deep and well-drained. Acidic soil, which is lateritic loam or clayey loam is best suited for these trees.
The pH of the soil should be around 4. The land for rubber cultivation should be cleared by cutting all the bigger and smaller trees along the expected rows of rubber. A typical variety of grass called the cogon grass should be completely removed, otherwise it can hinder the growth of rubber trees. Hilly areas should be thoroughly cleared and the area should be prepared for terracing.
Plain areas should be ploughed twice before planning the layout. The layout pattern for hilly areas and plain areas is different. In plain areas the direction of the rows is oriented towards the east — west for maximum sunlight. This also helps in drying the rubber trees due to east-west monsoon winds. Contour lining uses A-frame to locate the level lines. Planting distances are different for layout patterns and this determines the planting density.
For hilly areas, planting distances can be 9 x 2. The dimensions of the pits should be cm length, 45 cm width and 60 cm depth in hilly areas so as to check soil erosion. In plain land pits of dimensions 75 x 75 x 75 cm are dug and filled with top soil. If polybag buddings are used, then it should be top leaf whorl and if ground raised budding are being used, then two leaf whorls are used as planting material. The soil around the plant should be lightly pressed to allow air circulation.
If plantlets are being used then they should be planted erect into the center of the pit. The direction of the bud should be in the direction of wind. Propagation of rubber can be done by grafted budwood or through seeds. The most commonly used material for planting is a 10 month old grafted budwood. Propagation through seeds is done in the months of July- September on raised seed beds or in the nurseries.
The seeds should be protected from the sun and should be watered regularly, such that they have enough moisture for germination. It takes around 6 to 10 days for the seeds to germinate. Seeds obtained for planting can be stored for a maximum period of 8 weeks. The scions of the plant are maintained in the nursery by planting the budded stumps of the plant. When the budwood is 1 year old and has dark brown bark, the green portion of the plant below the terminal bud up to 1 m should be removed.
Budding is of two types such as brown or green budding. For grafting , budwood should be weeks of age and the stock seedling should be months old. The life of rubber plant has three stages such as the nursery, immature plants and mature trees.
Each stage is expected to have different requirements for manure. The nursery seedlings require 25 kg of compost and 2. During the first year of planting 1 application of 1. In the second and third years two applications of the above fertilizer grams per plant is applied.
Similarly, in the subsequent year until the tapping starts 2 applications of the fertilizer g per plant are supplied. Plants under tapping need 6: 6 NPK fertilizer mixture kg per hectare in one year. Rubber is mostly grown in the sub-humid climatic zones and if proper irrigation is not provided, then the plants may experience heavy leaf injury or shedding during the summer months.
Trees need consistent moisture, but too much water can cause root rot. The soil under rubber plantation should be allowed to dry between irrigation cycles. The plantations need at least cm of rainfall distributed over the entire year with no dry season. The minimum no. Under irrigated land conditions, the rubber plants show slow girth formation. Weeding should be done times in a year during the initial plant growth stage. Weeding can either be done manually or by machines. Weeds can stunt the growth of rubber plants, therefore they should be removed on a regular basis.
After the rainy season, mulching the fields with rice or dry straw should be done. At least 10 cm around the tree base should be mulched and the mulch material has to be covered with a thin layer of soil.
Good aeration is provided by turning over the soil at the base of the tree. Pruning of young plants helps in good growth and smooth trunk development without any branches and large scars.
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This can lead to stunted growth, droopy leaves, and lack of oxygen and water supply in the plant leading to various other issues. At this stage, you must consider repotting your plant. But what about the roots of the rubber tree plant; how long do they grow?
Indoor potted rubber plants can grow roots between six to eight feet in length. However, wild rubber trees grown commercially will have roots that reach anywhere from 10 to 15 feet in length. Rubber Plants are moderate to fast growers. The smaller 1 might need repotting in 2 years. Begin typing your search term above and press enter to search. Press ESC to cancel. Skip to content Home How many rubber plants are there in 1 acre?
Ben Davis May 29, How many rubber plants are there in 1 acre? How many years can a rubber tree yield latex? Can you get rubber from trees? How many rubber trees are in a hectare? How often should I water my rubber tree? Do rubber trees grow fast? How do I make my rubber tree bushy? How much light does a rubber tree need? Is rubber tree sap poisonous? Why does my rubber tree drop leaves?
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